Radiological Assesment of Natural Radioactivity Levels in Selected Ceramic Tile Brands used in Kenya

Authors

  • James Mugambi Linturi Department of Physical Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
  • James Ngundi Kitheka Department of Physical Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
  • Onesmus Maweu Department of Physical Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya

Keywords:

Natural radionuclides, ceramic tiles, activity concentration, dose rate, gamma-ray spectroscopy

Abstract

The assessment of the radiation levels of the natural radionuclides 232Th, 238U and 40K in ceramic tiles used in Kenya has been studied. The radiometric analysis was done using a high-efficiency gamma-ray spectrometer.  A total of thirty-seven (37) samples of ceramic tiles were pulverized, weighed accurately, and packaged in 250ml standard plastic containers, well labelled and stored for 28 days to attain secular equilibrium. Analysis of specific gamma energies from activities of 232Th, 238U and 40K reported activity of 53.73±2.34 Bqkg-1, 43.17±3.40 Bqkg-1, and 525.99±36.10 Bqkg-1 respectively. The variatiations in the radiation activity concetration is attributed to the composition of geological raw material used for tiles manufacturing. The average radium equivalent, absorbed dose, indoor and outdoor annual effective dose, and hazard indices (internal and external) obtained were 159.59 BqKg-1, 75.55nGyh-1, 0.28, 0.19, 0.54 and 0.43 respectively. The results obtained from the study showed that the use of ceramic tiles in Kenya does not pose any significant harmful radiation effects to users.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

James Ngundi Kitheka, Department of Physical Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya

Master of science in physics 

References

O. Adewoyin, M. Omeje, E. Joel, and O. Odetunmibi, "Comparative assessment of natural radioactivity and radiological hazards in building tiles and sharp sand sourced locally and those imported from China and India," International Journal of Radiation Research, vol. 17, pp. 455-463, 2019.

C. Walther and D. K. Gupta, Radionuclides in the Environment: Springer, 2015.

UNSCEAR, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2000 Report, Volume I: Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes-Sources: United Nations, 2000.

WHO, WHO handbook on indoor radon: a public health perspective: World Health Organization, 2009.

T. Ramachandran, "Background radiation, people and the environment," 2011.

UNSCEAR, Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 Report: Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes: United Nations, 2017.

R. Protection, "112 Radiological Protection Principles Concerning the Natural Radioactivity of Building Materials", European Commission, Directorate-General," Environment, 1999.

A. Poznyak, I. Levitskii, and S. Barantseva, "Basaltic and granitic rocks as components of ceramic mixes for interior wall tiles," Glass and Ceramics, vol. 69, pp. 262-266, 2012.

F. O. Ugbede, "Distribution of 40K, 238U and 232Th and associated radiological risks in River sand sediments across Enugu East, Nigeria," Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, vol. 14, p. 100317, 2020.

J. D. Appleton, "Radon in air and water," in Essentials of medical geology: Revised edition, ed: Springer, 2012, pp. 239-277.

R. Guleria, B. Bhushan, A. Guleria, A. Bhushan, and P. Dulari, "Harmful effects of ionizing radiation," International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), vol. 7, pp. 887-889, 2019.

A. International Atomic Energy, "Preparation and certification of IAEA gamma-ray spectrometry reference materials RGU-1, RGTh-1 and RGK-1," International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)1987.

A. International Atomic Energy, Update of X ray and gamma ray decay data standards for detector calibration and other applications V 1: Recommended decay data, high energy gamma ray standards and angular correlation coefficients. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): IAEA, 2007.

Y. Ebaid, "Use of gamma-ray spectrometry for uranium isotopic analysis in environmental samples," Rom J phys, vol. 55, pp. 69-74, 2010.

J. Beretka and P. Mathew, "Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products," Health physics, vol. 48, pp. 87-95, 1985.

Mustapha, "Assessment of human exposures to natural sources of radiation in Kenya," Radiation protection dosimetry, vol. 82, pp. 285-292, 1999.

T.-L. Tsai, C.-C. Lin, T.-W. Wang, and T.-C. Chu, "Radioactivity concentrations and dose assessment for soil samples around nuclear power plant IV in Taiwan," Journal of radiological protection, vol. 28, p. 347, 2008.

U. N. S. C. o. t. E. o. A. Radiation, Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation, united nations scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 report: report to the general assembly, with scientific annexes: United Nations, 2017.

J. S. Nalianya, M. N. Waswa, F. Maingi, and C. K. Wanyama, "Radiological measurement of hazardous levels in construction tiles in Bungoma county, Kenya," ITEGAM-JETIA, vol. 8, pp. 40-43, 2022.

C. Nyamai, E. Mathu, E. Wallbrecher, and N. Opiyo-Akech, "A reappraisal of the geology, structures and tectonics of the Mozambique belt East of the Kenya Rift System," 2001.

Graef, "Natural resource management and crop production strategies to improve regional food systems in Tanzania," Outlook on Agriculture, vol. 44, pp. 159-167, 2015.

B. M. Msanya, J. P. Magoggo, and H. Otsuka, "Development of soil surveys in Tanzania," Pedologist, vol. 46, pp. 79-88, 2002.

F. Matheson, "Geology of the Kajiado area," Geological Survey of Kenya Report, vol. 70, 1966.

J. M. Kebwaro, I. Rathore, N. Hashim, and A. Mustapha, "Radiometric assessment of natural radioactivity levels around Mrima Hill, Kenya," 2011.

O. Kenyanya, J. M. Wachira, and H. Mbuvi, "Determination of potassium levels in intensive subsistence agricultural soils in Nyamira County, Kenya," 2013.

UNSCEAR, "Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 1988 Report, Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes-Sources," vol. Volume I:, 1988.

A. O. Mustapha, J. Patel, and I. Rathore, "Assessment of human exposures to natural sources of radiation in Kenya," Radiation protection dosimetry, vol. 82, pp. 285-292, 1999.

C. Ononugbo, G. Avwiri, and G. Tutumeni, "Estimation of indoor and outdoor effective doses from gamma dose rates of residential building in Emelogu village in rivers state, Nigeria," International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, vol. 3, pp. 18-27, 2015.

Figure 2: Radium equivalent for analyzed samples.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-14

How to Cite

[1]
J. M. Linturi, J. N. Kitheka, and O. . Maweu, “Radiological Assesment of Natural Radioactivity Levels in Selected Ceramic Tile Brands used in Kenya”, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Physics, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 961–970, Jun. 2024.

Issue

Section

Articles