International Journal of Engineering and Applied Physics

Controlling of ZETA Full Bridge Inverter Buck - Boost Output Voltage

Wisely Richard Arthur — 2025-01-26

The development of science and electronics is increasing rapidly, marked by the development and use of renewable energy, such as electric vehicles and solar panels. A good power converter is needed to maintain its practical service life. Renewable energy systems with DC output voltage generally require a DC-DC converter to increase or decrease the voltage level and an inverter to convert the DC voltage to AC. A ZETA Inverter, which combines a ZETA Converter with a Full Bridge Inverter, is proposed in this research. ZETA Converter can increase and decrease the output voltage as needed. The output voltage setting is also applied to the ZETA Inverter topology, using the Voltage Transducer LV25-P as the output voltage detector. The sensor reading results are then compared with the desired reference and then controlled using Proportional Integral (PI) Control, producing a pulse width modulated signal as a switching control on the power switch. Thus, the output voltage can be regulated according to needs. Simulation testing using Power Simulator (PSIM) software is carried out first and then validated by hardware testing in the laboratory. The final result was that the ZETA Inverter output voltage could adjust the reference voltage to increase and decrease voltage conditions. Under changing load conditions, the output voltage remains at the reference value. The defect (THD) level at the output voltage was 1.2%, which meets the IEEE 519 standard, below 5%. Thus, the ZETA Inverter can be a good power converter in renewable energy systems.

Numerical solution of a viscoelastic contact problem with normal compliance and unilateral constraint

Youssef OUAFIK — 2025-01-26

A numerical method is presented for a mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a viscoelastic body and an obstacle. The process is quasistatic and the material’s behavior is described by means of a viscoelastic constitutive law with long memory. The contact is modelled with normal compliance condition restricted by unilateral constraint, and associated to a version of Coulomb's law of dry friction. A solution algorithm is discussed and implemented. Finally, numerical simulation results are reported on a two-dimensional test problem. These simulations show the efficiency of the algorithm and the corresponding mechanical interpretations.

Coating a copper sample by Ni-Sic composite coating and studying its corrosion behavior

Yoonis A.M. Esham — 2025-01-26

The electroplating of Ni-SiC composite coatings was conducted by submerging a brass substrate in a nickel sulfate solution with a SiC suspension. The composite coatings and brass substrate were evaluated for corrosion behaviour by generating Tafel curves in a 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. The composite electrolyte exhibited a greater cathodic polarization potential compared to the Cu substrate. The wear characteristics of the Ni coating, Cu substrate, and Ni-SiC composite coating made with an HT-8360 rotary disk were investigated in a study. Furthermore, the SiC nanoparticles co-deposited with Ni showed a homogeneous distribution within the Ni-SiC matrix. Consequently, there was a noticeable improvement in the Ni-SiC composite coating's microhardness and wear resistance.
AT The salt spray experiments were performed in a salt spray fog chamber, following the specifications outlined in ASTM-B-117. Changes in adhesion and blister formation, as well as those associated with corrosion, were examined.
Photographs of the specimens, which had been coated with a protective layer, were taken after the salt spray test. The percentage is a vital indication that precisely reflects the degree of corrosion resistance demonstrated by a coated specimen. There is no indication of corrosion.

Applications of Augmented Reality in Industrial Manufacturing in the Era of Industry 5.0

Uzam Haider — 2025-01-26

Augmented Reality (AR) plays a pivotal role in shaping modern industrial manufacturing, particularly as we transition into the era of Industry 5.0. This paper explores how AR enhances comprehension of intricate elements like robot movements and applied forces. It also addresses the complexity of planning production systems, offering a cost-effective alternative by overlaying virtual objects onto existing environments. While AR holds immense potential, this paper acknowledges its limitations, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to address these challenges. The integration of AR with industrial design brings about revolutionary shifts. By augmenting real-world environments with computer-generated data, AR profoundly influences the industrial design process. Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) emerges as a critical technology for smart manufacturing. A novel SAR-based system is introduced, providing real-time instructions, safety alerts, and posture assessments for manual work in future smart factories. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of AR's applications in the industrial domain, especially as we transition into the era of Industry 5.0. As AR systems continue to advance, their integration into various aspects of industrial manufacturing is poised to revolutionize the field, presenting both fresh opportunities and challenges.

A Novel Hybrid Jaya Algorithm

Muhammad Islam — 2025-01-26

The Hybrid JAYA (HJAYA) algorithm, a potent and hybridized optimization method, is suggested in this study as a solution to restricted design engineering optimization issues. The idea behind this innovative method is that the best solution found for a given problem shouldn't become stuck in local optima, but instead should aim to advance towards the best answers found thus far. The technique is further accelerated by using a novel starting strategy to provide better answers with fewer function evaluations. As fewer method-specific parameters are needed, this algorithm is simple to implement. By using it to resolve seven challenging constrained problems, including two from design engineering, the algorithm's effectiveness is assessed. Our findings are contrasted with those of other well-known methods found in the literature. The results show that, in terms of creating high-quality solutions, our suggested technique is either superior to or comparable to other algorithms. HJAYA is also applicable to issues in specific fields.

Characterization of mechanical properties of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Md. Iftekhar Alam — 2025-01-26

This research investigates the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber-reinforced unidirectional epoxy composites, focusing on two bamboo species, Bambusa Vulgaris (Baijja bamboo) and Melocanna Baccifera (Mulli bamboo). The study examines the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of composites fabricated from bamboo fibers extracted from different sections (top, middle, bottom) of the bamboo culm. The composites were prepared using a hand layup method and subjected to mechanical testing according to ASTM standards. Results show that the middle portion of both bamboo species exhibits superior mechanical performance compared to the top and bottom portions. Specifically, the middle section demonstrates higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. The enhanced properties of the middle section are attributed to factors such as fiber alignment, density, and composition. The findings suggest that utilizing bamboo fibers from the middle portion can lead to the development of high-quality composite materials suitable for various engineering applications, particularly in automotive part manufacturing. This research underscores the importance of understanding the mechanical behavior of bamboo composites for optimizing their use in sustainable and eco-friendly industrial products.

Assessment of occupational health and safety risks in selected construction sites in oyo state, Nigeria

Funminiyi Oyekunle — 2025-01-26

Construction sites are an important part of the economy in many countries including Nigeria and is often seen as a tool for economic growth. However, these sites face significant occupational health and safety (OHS) challenges, characterized by high accident rates and substantial health risks. This study assessed occupational health and safety practices in selected construction sites in Oyo State, Nigeria, focusing on Reynolds Construction Company and Arab Contractors as case studies. Through a mixed-method approach involving interviews, questionnaires, and site observations, the research investigated current OHS assessment practices, risk management protocols, and implementation challenges. The study revealed critical findings: risk management responsibilities are exclusively delegated to contractors and limited to the construction phase, with no systematic assessment methodology in place. Instead, risk evaluation relies heavily on individual judgment, guided by personal experience, educational background, and existing regulations. The research identified that risk communication primarily occurs through toolbox meetings and informal discussions, while risk control predominantly depends on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Key factors influencing OHS management include regulatory frameworks, individual competencies, and work environment conditions. Notable challenges hampering effective OHS implementation include site configuration, procurement systems, design complexity, and geographical location constraints. Analysis of hazard consequences revealed that working at heights and manual handling presented the highest risk factors, followed by exposure to chemicals, dust, and noise. The study also found that 71% of workers lacked formal health and safety training, potentially contributing to the 31.74% rate of major accidents reported during task performance. This research recommends a more integrated approach to OHS management, emphasizing the need for active involvement from key project stakeholders, including clients, design teams, consultants, and government agencies, to enhance safety standards in Nigerian construction sites. The findings contribute to the understanding of OHS practices in developing countries and provide a framework for improving construction site safety in Nigeria. Therefore, in Nigeria, the study suggests that there is a need for the key project stakeholders such as client, design team consultants and government to be involved in managing health and safety risk on construction sites.

Advanced GUI-Based Four-Wheel Independent Steering Control Research Robocar

Uzam Haider — 2025-01-26

The automotive industry is transforming rapidly due to technological advancements in propulsion systems, connectivity, and steering control mechanisms. Steering systems are vital for vehicle manoeuvrability, safety, and performance, making them a major focus. Traditionally, vehicles used two-wheel steering, where front wheels control direction and rear wheels follow. While effective in standard driving, these systems struggle with complex manoeuvres, lacking agility, and precision, thus compromising safety and performance. This project developed a prototype GUI-based development kit that allows researchers to intuitively control and monitor the four-wheel independent steering system, providing real-time feedback and seamless transitions between modes. The vehicle can switch from straight-line to independent steering in under a second, demonstrating rapid response capabilities. Wireless control over long distances increases its versatility in research and development scenarios. Innovative features like parallel parking and diagonal mode enhance manoeuvrability, allowing the vehicle to move sideways or diagonally in tight spaces. This kit significantly impacts vehicle control technology, offering a flexible platform for researchers to develop and test steering algorithms, accelerating innovation, and advancing autonomous vehicle systems.